1. The Cognitive Narrative- Everyone learns more effectively when lessons are built on capabilities of the child and interest. This would help them to develop problem solving skills and and learn how apply these more effectively. This process should have sort of meaning to the learner. 

2. The Preparation Narrative- This focuses on the needs  for learners to develop 21st century skills such as critical thinking skills, flexibility and independence. This will help to reduce context based learning and encourage collaboration rather than reliance on the teacher and text. 

3. The Emancipation Narrative-  This is based of protecting learners rights while developing the skills and attitudes that  promote citizenship by putting more decision in the hands of the learners through application of learner - centred approaches. By doing so this will help free learners from strict curricula and teacher authority and help them to reflect on their personal needs.