In my opinion, one of the main barriers to data literacy is the lack of practical skills to understand, analyse and communicate data effectively. Having access to data is not enough if people do not know how to assess its quality or interpret the results.

Another important barrier is the complexity and variety of datasets. Different formats, missing information, inconsistent standards and limited metadata can make data difficult to use, especially when data comes from different organisations.

I also think that limited training and communication between technical experts and decision-makers can be a challenge. In urban planning, for example, data needs to be translated into clear information that planners, policymakers and communities can understand and use in decision-making.