Further reading
Cameron, J. (1983) Prisons and Punishment in Scotland from the Middle Ages to the Present. Edinburgh: Canongate Publishing.
Cooper, R.A. (1981) ‘Jeremy Bentham, Elizabeth Fry and English prison reform’, Journal of the History of Ideas, 42(4), pp. 675–90.
Crone, R., Hoskins L. and Preston, R. (2018) Guide to the Criminal Prisons of Nineteenth-Century England. London: London Publishing Partnership.
Emsley, C. (1987) Crime and Society in England, 1750–1900. Harlow: Longman.
Forsythe, W.J. (1987) The Reform of Prisoners, 1830–1900. New York: St Martin’s Press.
Harding, C., Hines, B., Ireland, R. and Rawlings, P. (1985) Imprisonment in England and Wales: A Concise History, Beckenham: Croom Helm.
Henriques, U.R.Q. (1979) Before the Welfare State: Social Administration in Early Industrial Britain. London: Longman.
Hilton, B. (2006) A Mad, Bad & Dangerous People? England 1783–1846. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Johnston, H. (2015) Crime in England, 1815–1880: Experiencing the Criminal Justice System. Abingdon: Routledge.
McConville, S. (1981) A History of English Prison Administration, 1750–1870. London: Routledge.
McGowen, R. (1995) ‘The well-ordered prison: England, 1780–1865’ in Morris, R. and Rothman, D.J. (eds) The Oxford History of the Prison: The Practice of Punishment in Western Society. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 71–99.
Morgan, R. (2004) ‘Howard, John (1726?–1790), philanthropist’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
‘Punishment Sentences at the Old Bailey’, Old Bailey Online. Available at: https://www.oldbaileyonline.org/ static/ Punishment.jsp [Tip: hold Ctrl and click a link to open it in a new tab. (Hide tip)] (Accessed: 24 January 2022).
Stephens, W.B. (1998) Education in Britain, 1750–1914. Basingstoke: Macmillan Press.