Acknowledgements

This free course was written by Rosalind Crone and Daniel Weinbren.

Except for third party materials and otherwise stated (see terms and conditions [Tip: hold Ctrl and click a link to open it in a new tab. (Hide tip)] ), this content is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 Licence.

The material acknowledged below is Proprietary and used under licence (not subject to Creative Commons Licence). Grateful acknowledgement is made to the following sources for permission to reproduce material in this free course:

Images

Figure 1: Prisoners were required to surrender their clothes and put on a uniform. From Henry Mayhew and John Binny, The Criminal Prisons of London (London, 1862). Image: courtesy: Rosalind Crone.

Figure 2: Page from the Ilchester County Gaol description book dated January 1822. Photograph taken at: Somerset Archives and Local Studies, Q/AGI/15/1

Figure 3: Cartoon featuring representatives from the four major political groups (not parties). Image: Bridgeman Education

Figure 4: A Criminal Calendar for the County of York. Reproduced from an original held by City of York Council/Explore Libraries and Archives Mutual, York (ref Y/ORD/1/1). Permission to reproduce documents in the custody of City of York Council/Explore Libraries and Archives Mutual, York has been granted.

Figure 5: Industrial Manchester, showing the Irwell River from Blackfriars Bridge. Date: 1876.Chronicle/Alamy Stock Photo

Figure 6: Portraits of German and Italian criminals. Bridgeman Images

Figure 7: Rates of male illiteracy in England and Wales derived from prisoner literacy statistics and the marriage registers, 1839–1899. Digest of Prison Returns. Sources: Digest of Prison Returns, 1836-1854 (Parl. Papers, 1837-1857); Return of Judicial Statistics for England and Wales, 1856-1899 (Parl. Papers, 1857-1901); Registrar General of Births, Deaths and Marriages in England, Annual Reports, 1839-1899 (Parl. Papers, 1840-1899).

Figure 8: Rates of female illiteracy in England and Wales derived from prisoner literacy statistics and the marriage registers, 1839–1899. Digest of Prison Returns. Sources: Digest of Prison Returns, 1836-1854 (Parl. Papers, 1837-1857); Return of Judicial Statistics for England and Wales, 1856-1899 (Parl. Papers, 1857-1901); Registrar General of Births, Deaths and Marriages in England, Annual Reports, 1839-1899 (Parl. Papers, 1840-1899).

Figure 9: Two pages from the journal of the schoolmaster, Thomas Shepherd, at Littledean House of Correction in Gloucestershire. (ref: Q/Gli/22/3) https://www.gloucestershire.gov.uk/ archives/

Figure 10: Manchester Borough Gaol, also known as Belle Vue Prison, https://commons.wikimedia.org/ wiki/ File:Belle_Vue_Prison_1870.jpg PD

Figure 11: Recognising the difficulties faced by released prisoners in gaining employment and accommodation after release. Reproduced with the permission of Glasgow Caledonian University, Research Collections, Heatherbank Museum of Social Work.

Tables

Table 3: The state of education of 198 male prisoners discharged from Manchester Borough Gaol between July and September 1850. Source: Inspectors, Northern & Eastern, 17th Report, 1852–53, p. from Inspectors of Prisons of Great Britain II. Northern and Eastern District, Seventeenth Report (1852-53, LII.1), p. 40

Table 4: Commissioners for the Government of Pentonville Prison, Fifth Report (Parl. Papers, 1847, XXX.481), p. 45

Audio-visual

Video: The Reception Cell: © The Open University (2022) with thanks to licensors, including: Welcome Images. https://wellcomeimages.org/ indexplus/ obf_images/ 7e/ fd/ 66c92bea4bb089f97d4892859d0c.jpg; Rosalind Crone; National Archives http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ doc/ open-government-licence/ version/ 3/; Habitual criminals registers Lincolnshire Archives; Wakefield Archives Wakefield House of Correction Receiving Book, Oct 1842.

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