Skip to content
Skip to main content

About this free course

Author

Download this course

Share this free course

The formation of exoplanets
The formation of exoplanets

Start this free course now. Just create an account and sign in. Enrol and complete the course for a free statement of participation or digital badge if available.

Acknowledgements

This free course was written by Andrew Norton and Mariangela Bonavita.

Except for third party materials and otherwise stated (see terms and conditions [Tip: hold Ctrl and click a link to open it in a new tab. (Hide tip)] ), this content is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 Licence.

The material acknowledged below is Proprietary and used under licence (not subject to Creative Commons Licence). Grateful acknowledgement is made to the following sources for permission to reproduce material in this free course:

Images

Course image: NASA/JPL-Caltech

Figure 1a: Mark McCaughrean (Max Planck Institute for Astronomy), C. Robert O’Dell (Rice University), and NASA/ESA, https://esahubble.org/images/opo9545b/, released under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Figure 1b: NASA/ESA/CSA; Data reduction and analysis: PDRs4All ERS Team; Graphical processing: Fuenmayor, S. and Berne, O.

Figure 2: ESO/J. Girard (djulik.com), https://www.eso.org/sci/facilities/paranal/instruments/sphere.html. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Figure 3: Muller, A. et al. (2018) ‘Orbital and atmospheric characterization of the planet within the gap of the PDS 70 transition disk’, Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol. 617, pp. 11, EDP Sciences

Figure 4: Cleeves, L. (2015) ‘Molecular signposts of the physics and chemistry of planet formation’, PhD Thesis, University of Michigan

Figure 5: Armitage, P.J. (2017) ‘Lecture notes on the formation and early evolution of planetary systems’, V6, based on lectures given at the University of Colorado

Figure 6: Venturini, J., Ronco, M.P., Guilera, O.M. (2020) ‘Setting the stage: planet formation and volatile delivery’, Space Science Reviews, vol. 216 (5), article 86, Springer Science + Business Media

Figure 7: ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO), Andrews, S. et al., (NRAO/AUI/NSF), Dagnello, S. Images are licensed for use under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license, https://public.nrao.edu/news/2018-alma-survey-disks/, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

Figure 8: Bohn, A.J. et al. (2021) ‘Discovery of a directly imaged planet to the young solar analog YSES 2’, Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol. 648, pp. 15, EDP Sciences

Every effort has been made to contact copyright owners. If any have been inadvertently overlooked, the publishers will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity.

Don’t miss out

If reading this text has inspired you to learn more, you may be interested in joining the millions of people who discover our free learning resources and qualifications by visiting The Open University – www.open.edu/ openlearn/ free-courses.