Marrakesh, Morocco, is a historically rich and culturally vibrant city located at the base of the Atlas Mountains. It is divided into the old Medina (old city) and the new Medina (new city), with the old city legally mandated to be painted ochre red to help reduce heat. The city has a population of approximately 300,000 people and is predominantly Islamic, a fact reflected in its national flag where red signifies obligation and the green star represents paradise and the five pillars of Islam. The Islamic call to prayer can be heard five times daily throughout the city. Historically, Marrakesh was first inhabited by Berbers, who employed a rustic architectural style utilizing materials like cedar wood, tile, and stucco (a mixture of water and marble powder). In the latter half of the 2nd century, Muslim Arabs settled in the city, introducing a more refined Orientalist architectural style that significantly altered the existing designs. For visitors, Marrakesh offers a diverse range of experiences, from historical exploration to cultural immersion and culinary delights. Here's a breakdown of key aspects: Accommodation Luxury accommodations are available both within and outside the old Medina. The Oberoi, for instance, is located outside the old Medina and offers car services for convenience. Another high-end option is Amanjena, though it can be quite expensive. Activities and Sightseeing Engaging a local tour guide is highly recommended for navigating the old Medina and its souks, providing historical context, skipping lines, and assisting with transportation. The Yves Saint Laurent (YSL) Museum and Jardin Majorelle are popular attractions, and tickets should be purchased online in advance. Traditional Moroccan hammams (steam baths) offer a unique cleansing and social experience; private hammams at spas or hotels are suggested for tourists. For those staying longer than a few days, an excursion to the Sahara Desert is highly recommended as a "once in a lifetime experience." This can often be booked through platforms like TripAdvisor. Such excursions might include stops at traditional Amazigh (Berber) villages known for rug weaving and visits to historical sites like Ait Benhaddou, a UNESCO World Heritage site and a filming location for "Game of Thrones." Dining Marrakesh boasts a variety of dining options. Nomad is a popular choice, and while reservations are not strictly necessary, they are advisable. Bacha Coffee is noted for its excellent coffee and ambiance. Grande Cafe de la Poste offers a French expat vibe, though the food quality might be secondary to the atmosphere. Shopping The city offers diverse shopping experiences, from high-quality artisan goods to bustling souks. Amazonite is a jewelry shop owned by a gemologist who sources pieces globally, offering fair prices for sterling silver and gold items. Herboristerie Bendriss sells government-certified medicinal spices and spa items made in Marrakesh. Khalidoun Shop specializes in upscale Moroccan-designed silk and cotton kaftans and belts, known for their quality and service, albeit at a higher price point. The souks, while vibrant, require careful navigation as many vendors sell lower-quality items, and haggling is expected. However, hidden high-quality gems can be found within the maze-like markets. Cultural and Religious Context (Ramadan) Morocco is an Islamic country, and religious customs deeply influence daily life. During Ramadan, the ninth month of the Muslim calendar, observers fast from dawn to sunset, abstaining from food, drink, and other bodily desires. This period is characterized by deep spirituality, reflection, and communal gatherings. Ramadan in Morocco follows the lunar calendar, meaning its start date shifts annually. In 2025, it is expected to begin around March 1 and conclude around March 30, though exact dates depend on moon sightings. The daily rhythm revolves around Suhoor (pre-dawn meal) and Iftar (evening feast). For tourists visiting during Ramadan, it's important to be mindful of local customs. While non-Muslims are not expected to fast, eating, drinking, or smoking in public during daylight hours is discouraged. Hotels and tourist-friendly restaurants typically serve meals discreetly. Modest dress is particularly important during this time, with women advised to cover shoulders and knees, and men to avoid shorts and sleeveless shirts. Tour schedules may be adjusted, with mornings often being ideal for sightseeing. The end of the daily fast is signaled by the Maghrib prayer, followed by Iftar, a significant communal meal. Traditional Iftar foods include dates, water, harira soup, msemen (flaky flatbread), and chebakia (honey-soaked pastries). The Islamic calendar, or Hijri calendar, is lunar-based and about 11 days shorter than the Gregorian calendar, causing Ramadan to cycle through different seasons over time. Ramadan transforms Morocco with special decorations, including lanterns, intricate patterns in homes, and illuminated mosques. The atmosphere is one of serenity during the day and vibrant celebration after sunset, offering a unique cultural experience for visitors.