I usually teach children online through Zoom, and one of the most challenging aspects of my teaching is encouraging participation from all students. Some students do not turn on their cameras due to poor internet connections. Teaching without being able to see students’ faces makes me feel uncertain about their level of participation and engagement.

Based on my experience, I found that routines such as working with partners, interacting with peers, and taking short tests after class from the Class Routines resource could be useful in my teaching. Since some students are quiet and do not turn on their cameras, short tests can help me check whether they are paying attention and understanding the lesson. In addition, peer discussion and partner work can increase students’ interest and help create a more supportive learning environment.