As a victim, education is often disrupted by instability, lack of safety, and limited resources. Schools may close, and both teachers and students may feel unsafe, which affects attendance and learning continuity.

As a perpetrator, education can sometimes reinforce inequality. For example, when certain languages, histories, or cultural perspectives are excluded from the curriculum, some groups may feel marginalized. This can create resentment and deepen existing social divisions.

At the same time, education can act as a liberator by helping students develop critical thinking skills and awareness of their rights and opportunities. When learners are encouraged to question, reflect, and express themselves, they become more empowered to improve their own lives and contribute to society.

Finally, education can be a peacebuilder when it promotes inclusion, respect, and understanding among different groups. Schools can teach students how to resolve conflicts peacefully, appreciate diversity, and work collaboratively.

Schools are often targeted in conflict because they represent authority, identity, and the future of a society. Controlling education can influence beliefs, values, and power structures.

Teachers can support critical thinking and empowerment by encouraging open discussion, using inclusive teaching materials, and connecting lessons to students’ real-life experiences. To promote peacebuilding, teachers can create safe and respectful classroom environments, model positive behavior, and teach skills like dialogue, empathy, and conflict resolution.