Authorship

The topic "2. Fish nutritional requirements and how they change across species" was written by Tatiana V. Poletto, SPAROS Lda.

Figure 1. Fish of different species. The fish figure were adapted and modified  from:

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sparus_aurata.jpg; https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dicentrarchus_labrax#/media/File:FMIB_51236_Bass_(Labrax_lupus).jpeg; https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Salmo_salar_illustrations#/media/File:D._Marcus_Elieser_Bloch%27s,_aus%C3%BCbenden_Arztes_zu_Berlin_%C3%96konomische_Naturgeschichte_der_Fische_Deutschlands_-_mit_sieben_und_dreyssig_Kupfertafeln_nach_Originalen_(1783)_(20794708840).jpg; https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Oncorhynchus_mykiss_illustrations#/media/File:Rainbow_Trout.jpg

Figure 2. Schematic image showing the digestive system of omnivorous and carnivorous fish.
Salmon: Modified by Tatiana Poletto. LICENSE: STANDARD (SPAROS Lda);Designed by Nata_Alhontess (Image #21810974 at VectorStock.com).
Tilapia: Modified by Tatiana Poletto. https://creazilla.com/nodes/405-tilapia-silhueta, Designed by Natasha Sinegina. Tilapia silhouette. 

Figure 3. Schematic representation of an amino acid, a peptide and a protein. It was created by Tatiana Poletto, SPAROS Lda. It is licensed under Creative Commons 4.0 cc-by-nc-sa.

Figure 4. Schematic image showing the muscle synthesis and breakdown in fish. The muscle figure was created by Tatiana Poletto, SPAROS Lda. It is licensed under Creative Commons 4.0 cc-by-nc-sa. The salmon figure was adapted and modified by Tatiana Poletto. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Salmo_salar_illustrations#/media/File:D._Marcus_Elieser_Bloch%27s,_aus%C3%BCbenden_Arztes_zu_Berlin_%C3%96konomische_Naturgeschichte_der_Fische_Deutschlands_-_mit_sieben_und_dreyssig_Kupfertafeln_nach_Originalen_(1783)_(20794708840).jpg 

Figure 5. Energy sources. It was created by Tatiana Poletto, SPAROS Lda. It is licensed under Creative Commons 4.0 cc-by-nc-sa.
Figure 6. Schematic representation of the effects caused by feeding fish with deficient diets and with excess energy. It was created by Tatiana Poletto, SPAROS Lda. It is licensed under Creative Commons 4.0 cc-by-nc-sa.
Figure 7. Schematic illustration of general lipid classification and functions.  It was created by Tatiana Poletto, SPAROS Lda. It is licensed under Creative Commons 4.0 cc-by-nc-sa.
Figure 8. Schematic representations of saturated, unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. It was created by Jorge Dias, SPAROS Lda. It is licensed under Creative Commons 4.0 cc-by-nc-sa.
Figure 9. Essential fatty acids list for aquacultur species with respective trivial name and initials. It was created by Tatiana Poletto, SPAROS Lda. It is licensed under Creative Commons 4.0 cc-by-nc-sa.
Figure 10. Schematic representation of the minerals structural, physiological, catalytic and regulatory functions in fish. It was created by Tatiana Poletto, SPAROS Lda. It is licensed under Creative Commons 4.0 cc-by-nc-sa.
Figure 11. Schematic representation of fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins.  It was created by Tatiana Poletto, SPAROS Lda. It is licensed under Creative Commons 4.0 cc-by-nc-sa.

Table 1. List of essential amino acids for fish. It was created by Tatiana Poletto, SPAROS Lda. It is licensed under Creative Commons 4.0 cc-by-nc-sa.
Table 2. Recommended dietary protein levels (%) for various fish species (as-Fed Basis). Table has been modified from the NRC, 2011 (NRC, 2011. Nutrient requirements of fish and shrimp. National Academies Press, Washington D. C., USA).
Table 3. List of amino acids dietary requirements for some aquatic species. Table has been modified from the NRC, 2011 (NRC, 2011. Nutrient requirements of fish and shrimp. National Academies Press, Washington D. C., USA).
Table 4. Fatty acid requirements of marine, freshwater and diadromous fish, and shrimp. Table has been modified from the NRC, 2011 (NRC, 2011. Nutrient requirements of fish and shrimp. National Academies Press, Washington D. C., USA).
Table 5. Requirements (% of total fatty acids) for various fish species (on  dry-matter basis). Table has been adapted and modified from the NRC, 2011 (NRC, 2011. Nutrient requirements of fish and shrimp. National Academies Press, Washington D. C., USA) and from (FRACALOSSI, D. M.; CYRINO, J. E. P. (Ed.). Nutriaqua: nutrição e alimentação de espécies de interesse para a aquicultura brasileira). Florianópolis: Sociedade Brasileira de Aquicultura e Biologia Aquática, 2012. 375 p.
Table 6. Macro and microminerals requirements for some valuable farmed species. Table has been modified from the NRC, 2011 (NRC, 2011. Nutrient requirements of fish and shrimp. National Academies Press, Washington D. C., USA).
Table 7. list of primary and additional functions of vitamins in fish. It was created by Jorge Dias, SPAROS Lda. It is licensed under Creative Commons 4.0 cc-by-nc-sa.
Table 8. Vitamin requirements for salmonids, warm water fish, bream and bass, and shrimp. It was created by Jorge Dias, SPAROS Lda. It is licensed under Creative Commons 4.0 cc-by-nc-sa.