References

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Mueller, P. and Diamond, J. (2001) Metabolic rate and environmental productivity: well provisioned animals evolved to run and idle fast. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 98, 12 550–12 554.

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Tieleman, B. I. and Williams, J. B. (2000) The adjustment of avian metabolic rates and water fluxes to desert environments. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, 73, 461–479.

Tieleman, B. I., Williams, J. B. and Bloomer, P. (2003) Adaptation of metabolism and evaporative water loss along an aridity gradient. Proceedings of the Royal Society, London, Series B, 270, 207–214.

UNEP (1992) World Atlas of Desertification. Sevenoaks: Edward Arnold.

Williams, J. B. (2001) Energy expenditure and water flux of free-living dune larks in the Namib: a test of the re-allocation hypothesis on a desert bird.Functional Ecology, 15, 175–185.

Williams, J. B. and Tieleman, B. I. (2000) Flexibility in basal metabolic rate and evaporative water loss among hoopoe larks exposed to different environmental temperatures. Journal of Experimental Biology, 203, 3153–3159.

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Williams, J. B., Lenain, D., Ostrowski, S., Tieleman, B. I. and Seddon, P. J. (2002) Energy expenditure and water flux of Rüppell’s foxes in Saudi Arabia.Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, 75, 479–488.

Willmer, P., Stone, G. and Johnston, I. (2000) Environmental Physiology of Animals. Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd.

Zatsepina, O. G., Ulmasov, K. A., Beresten, S. F., Molodtsov, V. B., Rybtsov, S. A. and Evgen’ev, M. B. (2000) Thermotolerant desert lizards characteristically differ in terms of heat-shock system regulation. Journal of Experimental Biology, 203, 1017–1025.

Further reading

Crane, C. M. and Kishore, B. K. (2003) Aquaporins: the membrane water channels of the biological world. Biologist, 50, 81–86.

Huang, Y., Tracey, R., Walsberg, G. E., Makkinje, A., Fang, P., Brown, D. and van Hoek, A. N. (2001) Absence of aquaporin-4 water channels from kidneys of the desert rodent Dipodomys merriami merriami. American Journal of Physiology – Renal Physiology, 280, 794–802.

Louw, G. (1993) Physiological Animal Ecology. Harlow: Longman Ltd.

van Hoek, A. N., Tonghui, M., Baoxue Y., Verkman, A. S. and Brown, D. (2000) Aquaporin-4 is expressed in basolateral membranes of proximal tubule S3 segments in mouse kidney. American Journal of Physiology – Renal Physiology,278, 310–316.