Citizen science initiatives engage with diverse audiences, each of which brings different expectations, priorities, and ways of interpreting evidence (Göbel et al., 2019).

For this reason, communication is not simply a process of disseminating information. It involves translating between different knowledge systems and institutional contexts. Practitioners often need to adapt language, framing, and emphasis depending on whether they are engaging with communities, researchers, policymakers, or funders.

Effective communication therefore requires:

• understanding audience contexts, objectives, and information needs;

• translating complex ideas accessibly;

• framing evidence strategically;

• and remaining transparent about uncertainty and limitations.

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