Acknowledgements
This free course was written by members of AstrobiologyOU (Vic Pearson, Julia Semprich, Susanne Schwenzer and Stuart Turner) in collaboration with the OpenLearn team (Sofia Maruzza and Sudesh Loi). With thanks to Claire Batty for critical reading.
Except for third party materials and otherwise stated (see terms and conditions [Tip: hold Ctrl and click a link to open it in a new tab. (Hide tip)] ), this content is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 Licence.
The material acknowledged below is Proprietary and used under licence (not subject to Creative Commons Licence). Grateful acknowledgement is made to the following sources for permission to reproduce material in this free course:
Figures
Course image: ©ESA/DLR/FU Berlin https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/ by-sa/ 3.0/ igo/
Figure 1a: NASA https://www.nasa.gov/ content/ blue-marble-image-of-the-earth-from-apollo-17
Figure 1b: Viking Project, USGS, NASA https://apod.nasa.gov/ apod/ ap140511.html
Figure 2: Chris Schur https://apod.nasa.gov/ apod/ ap060419.html
Figure 3: © European Space Agency Provided by the NASA Astrophysics Data SystemDollfus, Audouin http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu//full/ 2004ESASP1278..115D/ 0000124.000.html
Figure 4: NASA publication http://www.brera.inaf.it/ MARTE/ opposizione7/ opposizione7_big5.html
Figure 5: Ron Wayman of Tampa https://www.nasa.gov/ vision/ universe/ watchtheskies/ 18jun_approachingmars.html
Figures 6, 7 and 9: courtesy © Susanne Schwenzer
Figure 13: NASA/JPL https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/ catalog/ PIA02979
Figure 14: NASA https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/ jpeg/ PIA15090.jpg
Figure 15/16: NASA https://commons.wikimedia.org/ wiki/ File:Gusev_-_Ma%27adim_Vallis.jpg
Figure 17: NASA https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/ imgcat/ hires/ vl2_p21873.jpg
Figure 18: image courtesy: Andy Tindle
Figure 19: NASA/JPL PIA17953.jpg (607×456) (nasa.gov)
Figure 20: Photo © Allan Treiman, Lunar and Planetary Institute https://www.lpi.usra.edu/ lpi/ meteorites/ ahtts36.html
Figure 21: NASA Goddard Spaceflight Center https://www.lpi.usra.edu/ science/ treiman/ greatdesert/ workshop/ marsmaps1/ marsmaps1_imgs/ mola_color_2.jpg
Figure 22 NASA https://www.nasa.gov/ image-feature/ nasas-first-rover-on-the-red-planet
Figure 23: NASA https://mars.nasa.gov/ MPF/ ops/ NEcolor_annot.jpg
Figure 24: NASA https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/ catalog/ PIA01133
Figure 25: from: Mars Global Data Sets: TES Silicates and high-Silicon Glass (asu.edu) TES Silicate/High-Silicon Glass Abundance Bandfield, J. L., Global mineral distributions on Mars, J. Geophys Res., 107, 2002. Image: NASA/ASU
Figure 26: NASA/JPL-Caltech/ASU https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/ images/ a-water-ice-map-for-mars
Figure 27: NASA/JPL/Los Alamos National Laboratory https://mars.nasa.gov/ odyssey/ gallery/ science/ PIA04907.html
Figure 28: NASA MGS MOLA Science Team http://www.esa.int/ ESA_Multimedia/ Images/ 2019/ 10/ Nirgal_Vallis_in_context
Figure 29: ESA/DLR/FU Berlin https://www.esa.int/ ESA_Multimedia/ Images/ 2019/ 10/ Perspective_view_of_Nirgal_Vallis#.YFsc2RT-yzM.link
Figure 30: ESA ESA - Beagle 2 lander
Figure 31: NASA/JPL https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/ catalog/ PIA04980NASA/JPL/Cornell
Figure 32: NASA/JPL/Cornell Catalog Page for PIA05152 (nasa.gov)
Figure 33: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Cornell/USGS https://mars.nasa.gov/ resources/ 6944/ martian-blueberries/
Figure 34: NASA/JPL https://www.nasa.gov/ images/ content/ 176933main_pia09403.jpg
Figure 35: NASA/JPL https://www.nasa.gov/ mission_pages/ mer/ multimedia/ pia15033.html
Figure 36: NASA https://mars.nasa.gov/ resources/ 6355/ pillinger-point-overlooking-endeavour-crater-on-mars/
Figure 37: NASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona https://mars.nasa.gov/ resources/ 7744/ light-toned-layered-rock-outcrop-in-ladon-valles/
Figure 38: NASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona https://mars.nasa.gov/ resources/ 7729/ sedimentary-rock-layers-on-a-crater-floor/ ?site=msl
Figure 39: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Univ. of Arizona https://mars.nasa.gov/ resources/ 6087/ a-new-gully-channel-in-terra-sirenum-mars/
Figure 40: NASA https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/ archive/ PIA23238.gif
Figure 41: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS/JHU-APL/Purdue/USGS https://mars.nasa.gov/ resources/ 24680/ jezero-crater-minerals/
Figure 42: NASA/JPL-Caltech/ASI/UT https://mars.nasa.gov/ resources/ 3244/ north-polar-cap-cross-section-annotated/
Figure 43: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Univ. of Rome/ASI/PSI https://mars.nasa.gov/ resources/ radargrams-indicating-ice-rich-subsurface-deposit/
Figure 44: NASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona/Texas A&M University https://www.nasa.gov/ mission_pages/ phoenix/ images/ press/ sol_020_024_change_dodo_v2.html
Figure 45: NASA/JPL-Caltech https://mars.nasa.gov/ resources/ 22498/ curiosity-sees-more-clouds-over-gale-crater/
Figure 46: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/ catalog/ PIA16156
Figure 47: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS https://mars.nasa.gov/ resources/ 6856/ inclined-martian-sandstone-beds-near-kimberley/ ?site=msl
Figure 48: NASA/JPL-Caltech https://mars.nasa.gov/ resources/ 8194/ mudstone-mineralogy-from-curiositys-chemin-2013-to-2016/ ?site=msl
Figure 49: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS https://mars.nasa.gov/ resources/ 7057/ prominent-veins-at-garden-city-on-mount-sharp-mars/ ?site=msl
Figure 50: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS/LANL/CNES/IRAP/LPGNantes/CNRS/IAS https://mars.nasa.gov/ resources/ 8200/ boron-sodium-and-chlorine-in-mineral-vein-diyogha/ ?site=msl
Figure 51: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS https://mars.nasa.gov/ resources/ 8231/ mars-rovers-mastcam-view-of-possible-mud-cracks/ ?site=msl
Figure 52: NASA https://mars.nasa.gov/ maps/ location/ ?mission=Curiosity
Figure 53: NASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona https://mars.nasa.gov/ resources/ 25705/ the-road-ahead-for-perseverance/
Figure 54: European Space Agency (ESA) https://www.esa.int/ Science_Exploration/ Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/ Exploration/ ExoMars/ ESA_s_Mars_rover_has_a_name_Rosalind_Franklin
Video
Videos 1 and 2: courtesy of Professor Roy Tasker, University of Western Sydney
Video 3: ASU Knowledge Enterprise Development (KED), Michael Northrop https://mars.nasa.gov/ resources/ 24655/ sutton-island-model-of-drying-lakes/ ?site=msl
Video 4: Tracking the History of Water on Mars. Courtesy of ESA - European Space Agency
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