Images/Videos

Figure 2: Adapted from Berners-Lee, M., Hatter, W. and Hoolohan, C. (2011) The Total Carbon Footprint of Greater Manchester, Small World Consulting Ltd, Lancaster University.

Open Access Government (2023) ‘The average British carbon footprint is five times over Paris Agreement recommendations’, Sustainable Development News, 6 February. Available at: https://www.openaccessgovernment.org/the-average-british-carbonfootprint-is-five-times-over-paris-agreement-recommendations/152669/ (Accessed: 2 October 2023).

Figure 4: Reproduced under the terms of the OGL, www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence; Adapted from DEFRA (Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs) (2022) ‘Carbon footprint for the UK and England to 2019’. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/uks-carbon-footprint/carbon-footprint-for-the-uk-and-england-to-2019 (Accessed: 18 May 2023).

Figure 5: Adapted from Berners-Lee, M., Hatter, W. and Hoolohan, C. (2011) The Total Carbon Footprint of Greater Manchester, Small World Consulting Ltd, Lancaster University.

Adapted from Berners-Lee, M. (2020) How bad are bananas? The carbon footprint of everything. Revised edn. London: Profile Books.

Figure 6: Department of Work and Pensions. Reproduced under the terms of the OGL, www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence

DWP (Department of Work and Pensions) (2023) Households below average income: an analysis of the UK income distribution: FYE 1995 to FYE 2022. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/households-below-average-income-forfinancial-years-ending-1995-to-2022/households-below-average-income-an-analysisof-the-uk-income-distribution-fye-1995-to-fye-2022 (Accessed: 3 May 2023).

Chancel, L. (2022) ‘Global carbon inequality over 1990–2019’, Nature Sustainability, 5, pp. 931–938. Available at: https://doi.org/ 10.1038/ s41893-022-00955-z [Tip: hold Ctrl and click a link to open it in a new tab. (Hide tip)] .

Figure 8: Gough, I., Abdallah, S., Johnson, V., Ryan J. (2011) 'The Distribution of Total Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Households in the UK'Global Carbon Atlas (2023) Carbon emissions. Available at: https://globalcarbonatlas.org/emissions/carbon-emissions/ (Accessed: 3 May 2023).

Figure 9: © Global Carbon Project; Global Carbon Atlas (2023) Carbon emissions. Available at: https://globalcarbonatlas.org/emissions/carbon-emissions/ (Accessed: 3 May 2023).

Figure 10: © Global Carbon Project;

Figure 101(a): © Courtesy Arjjeet B/Flickr;

Figure 101(b): © imageBROKER / Alamy Stock Photo;

Figure 101(c): © www.flickr.com / innamoo;

Figure 101(d): © Courtesy of Gordontour / www.flickr.com;

Figure 101(e): © Courtesy Fozza / www.flickr.com;

Figure 101(f): © Daniel Gredecki / www.flickr.com;

Figures 13(a)-(c): © Robin Roy

Figure 135: From Pixabay. Covered under Creative Commons licence CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) Public Domain Dedication

Figure 146: From Pixabay. Covered under Creative Commons licence CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) Public Domain Dedication

Figure 17: From Pixabay. Covered under Creative Commons licence CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) Public Domain Dedication

Video 1: Gapminder. The film was produced by Wingspan Productions, http://www.wingspanproductions.co.uk/. Carbon emissions per country and per capita animation: created using Gapminder. The animation includes the following images: Delivery of wood charcoal – Ralf Liebhold / Shutterstock;.Environmentalist organisations, Dhaka, Bangladesh – Sk Hasan Ali / Shutterstock;. Inspection of an early production facility, Kurdistan, Iraq – Bertrand Godfroid / Shutterstock; Drilling oil derrick, Ivano Frankivsk, Ukraine – LaKirr / Shutterstock; Climate activists with banners – Milos Ruzicka / Shutterstock; People lining up to buy gasoline – rblfmr / Shutterstock.

Video 2: Wingspan Productions

Carbon calculator: © 2022-2318 The Open University. Developed by Peter Harper with Robin Roy from a calculator produced by Peter Harper for The Centre for Alternative Technology (CAT) with acknowledgments to CAT. Software and graphic design by Callum Lester and Vicky Eves, The Open University.

Don't miss out

If reading this text has inspired you to learn more, you may be interested in joining the millions of people who discover our free learning resources and qualifications by visiting The Open University – www.open.edu/ openlearn/ free-courses