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Science, Maths & Technology
What does clay tell us about the possibility of life on Mars?
Dave Rotherey explains the implications of new research into the clay surface of Mars.
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Science, Maths & Technology
Why has Donald Trump set his sights on the Moon?
The President has instructed NASA to build a camp on the Moon. It might be a better idea than trying to get straight to Mars, as this New Scientist short, sharp, science video explains.
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Science, Maths & Technology
Hans Rosling: How to compare countries using statistics
Statistician magician, the late Hans Rosling shows you how to collate and animate the data of different countries in these short videos that depict our changing world.
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Science, Maths & Technology
Laser cutting
Mainly used for precision cutting of materials with a low melting point. A finely focused laser beam locally heats the surface of the workpiece, vaporising and melting away material. Residue material is removed by induced vapor pressure, or by gas jets (gas-assisted laser cutting).
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Science, Maths & Technology
Electrical Discharge Wire Cutting (EDWC) and Sawing (EDS)
In EDWC, sparks are generated between the electrically conductive material of the workpiece and a vertical cutting wire (the negative electrode that is constantly fed from a spool), debris is carried away by the dielectric liquid. Heat from the electrical discharge melts away material to form a slot (kerf). EDS is a similar process, but the ...
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Science, Maths & Technology
Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) and Grinding (EDG)
A workpiece made of electrically conductive material and a shaped tool are immersed in a dielectric fluid. Rapid pulses of electricity pass through the tool (+ve electrode) and the negatively charged workpiece, leading to a spark discharge. Plasma forms and, along with the sparks, vaporises the workpiece material removing material ‘chips’, which...
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Science, Maths & Technology
Photochemical Machining (Photo-fabrication; Chemical milling)
A chemical etching process where material can be selectively removed from specific ‘unmasked’ areas of a pattern or image that was photographically reproduced onto the workpiece surface.
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Science, Maths & Technology
Electrochemical Grinding (ECG)
An electrolyte is pumped into a small gap between the workpiece and a rotating abrasive grinding wheel. Metal is removed from the electrically conductive workpiece by electrochemical attack and abrasion. Protruding abrasive grit particles on the grinding wheel remove electrochemical oxidation from the surface of the workpiece.
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Science, Maths & Technology
Electrochemical Machining (ECM)
Works on the principle of anodic metal dissolution by electrical energy. An electrolyte medium separates the tool (cathode) from the electrically conductive metal workpiece (anode), creating an electrolytic cell. A high amperage, low voltage current is passed through the cell, selectively dissolving away the material to be removed. Produces ...
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Science, Maths & Technology
Extrusion of Powders
Hydrostatic compressive stresses and shear forces act on the powders. In hot extrusion, powder mixture is pre-compacted (‘canned’) by heat compression until all air has been removed. The sealed can is then rammed by a punch, until it adopts the shape of the die. Compacting pressure causes long sections of material to extrude from a small opening...
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Science, Maths & Technology
Cold isostatic pressing
Material in powder form is sealed into a flexible mould (or bag) situated inside a pressure vessel. Hydrostatic pressure is applied to the outside of the mould, until the powder molecules inside have bonded sufficiently. Subsequent finishing processes may be required.
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Science, Maths & Technology
Finding creativity in orbit?
Has space tourist Trevor Beattie got it wrong by suggesting that it's time to send creative people to space?