Acknowledgements

Course image: Jeremy Stanley [Tip: hold Ctrl and click a link to open it in a new tab. (Hide tip)] in Flickr made available under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0 Licence.

The material acknowledged below is contained in Chapter 3 of An Introduction to Galaxies and Cosmology (eds Mark H Jones and Robert J Lambourne), published by the Press Syndicate of The University of Cambridge in association with The Open University. Copyright © The Open University, 2003, 2004.

This publication forms part of an Open University course S282 Astronomy.

This course has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

The content acknowledged below is Proprietary (see terms and conditions). This content is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 Licence.

Figure 4 R.C. Kennicutt, Astrophysical Journal, Vol 388, p. 310, © 1992 The American Astronomical Society;

Figure 10 NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database NED;

Figure 11 NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database NED;

Figure 12 NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED), Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, The National Aeronautics and Space Administration;

Figure 13 Netzer, H. (1990) 'AGN emission lines', in Blandford, R.D., Netzer, H. and Woltjer, L. (eds) Active Galactic Nuclei, Springer-Verlag, Berlin;

Figure 14 Courtesy of Barry Poteete 2000 ©;

Figure 15 Kaufmann III, W.J. Galaxies and Quasars, 1979. W.H. Freeman and Company Publishers;

Figures 16 and 17 Peterson, B. An Introduction to Active Galactic Nuclei, Cambridge University Press;

Figures 18a and 18b NASA STScl;

Figure 18c MERLIN;

Figure 18d NASA/CXC/SAO/H. Marshall et al;

Figure 19 John Bahcall (Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton), Mike Disney (University of Wales) and NASA;

Figure 20a NASA/IPAC Extragalactic database (NED);

Figure 20b Bob Fosbury/European Southern Observatory;

Figure 21 Copyright © NRAO/AUI 1998/1999;

Figure 22 © 1976 The American Astronomical Society;

Figure 23a From 'Peculiar Galaxies', Chapter 5 in Foundations of Astronomy by Michael A. Seeds, Wadsworth Publishing Co. Inc., 1988 (2nd edn.);

Figure 23b © 1987-2002, Anglo-Australian Observatory, photograph by David Malin;

Figure 23c NASA/SAO/R. Kraft et al.;

Figure 24a NASA and J. Biretta (STScI/JHU);

Figure 24b NASA, NRAO and J Biretta (STScI);

Figure 25 © 2000 The American Astronomical Society;

Figure 27 J.C Lee et al., Astrophysical Journal, Volume 570, © 2002 The American Astronomical Society;

Figures 34a (optical data) and 3.35 (isophotal data). The digitized Sky Survey was produced at the Space Telescope Science Institute under US Government grant NAG W-2166. The images of these surveys are based on photographic data obtained using the Oschin Schmidt Telescope on Palomar Mountain and the UK Schmidt Telescope. The plates were processed into the present compressed digital form with the permission of these institutions. The Second Palomar Observatory Sky Survey (POSS-II) was made by the California Institute of Technology with funds from the National Science Foundation, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Geographic Society, the Sloan Foundation, the Samuel Oschin Foundation, and the Eastman Kodak Corporation. The Oschin Schmidt Telescope is operated by the California Institute of Technology and Palomar Observatory. Supplemental funding for sky-survey work at the STScI is provided by the European Southern Observatory;

Figure 34b L. Ferrarese (Johns Hopkins University) and NASA;

Figure 35 (image) © 1998 The American Astronomical Society.

NASA: [Details correct as of 14th April 2008]

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