Learning outcomes

After studying this course, you should be able to:

• explain how and why the optical spectrum of an active or starburst galaxy differs from that of a normal galaxy

• explain how and why the broadband spectrum of an active or starburst galaxy differs from that of a normal galaxy

• describe briefly the observed features of starburst galaxies and the four main classes of active galaxies (quasars, radio galaxies, Seyfert galaxies and blazars)

• understand the evidence that indicates the presence of a compact active galactic nucleus (AGN) in active galaxies

• explain why an AGN should emit broad lines, narrow forbidden lines and continuous radiation.