By the end of this section you will be able to:

1. Run a short five minute risk scan before any activity
2. Put simple safeguards in place using predict, prevent, and prepare
3. Recognise red flags and know when to refer participants for professional support

1. Why Safeguarding Matters

Astronomy activities can inspire awe and joy, but they may also surface strong emotions or practical risks. One person may feel calm under the night sky, while another may feel overwhelmed. Outdoor sessions deepen connection with nature, yet they bring challenges such as uneven ground, cold weather, or sudden changes in conditions.

Safeguarding is not about restricting activities. It is about creating conditions where participants feel safe enough to explore awe, perspective, and connection.

Reflection Prompt: Recall a time you joined a group activity outdoors. What small things made you feel safe and comfortable?

2. The 3P Model

A simple model helps you anticipate and manage risks.

1. Predict: Ask what could go wrong for this group, in this place, with this plan.

2. Prevent: Adjust content, roles, and logistics to reduce risks before they occur.

3. Prepare: Have scripts, supplies, and referral contacts ready in case something does happen.

Once you have a plan, the next step is to scan the session environment quickly and systematically.

3. The Five Minute Risk Scan

Before each session, pause and scan across five areas. This should take no more than five minutes.

• Psychological
  Could the content bring up strong emotions such as thoughts of mortality or trauma reminders
  Provide a content notice, allow opt outs, and include grounding breaks
• Group dynamics
  Might some feel anxious about speaking or could others dominate
  Set a group agreement, use small groups or pairs, and invite quieter voices
• Physical and outdoor
  Are there hazards such as uneven terrain, poor lighting, or wildlife
  Walk the site, check the weather, bring torches, and carry a first aid kit
• Cultural and context
  Could your framing cause misunderstanding or resistance
  Involve local partners, use familiar stories, and respect privacy
• Accessibility and legal
  Is the activity safe for minors and people with different abilities
  Provide accessible seating, follow safeguarding rules, and minimise data collection

Practice Task: Choose one upcoming activity and run through these five areas. Which colour rating would you give each: red for urgent, amber for moderate, green for low

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