Types of Evaluation

Image caption: Types of Evaluation.

Different types of evaluation answer different questions:

• Process (Formative): How was the activity implemented? What worked, what did not, and for whom?

• Impact (Summative): Did outcomes change? To what extent were changes due to the activity?

• Feasibility: Could this be scaled up or repeated sustainably?

• Economic: Was it cost-effective compared to alternatives?

• Theory-based: Did the project follow its intended theory of change, and were mechanisms confirmed in practice?

When Not to Evaluate

Evaluation is powerful but not always appropriate. Avoid heavy evaluation when:

• The project is very small and measurement would outweigh its value

• The activity has no observable outcomes (e.g. simply aiming to inspire wonder)

• The design is too complex to evaluate meaningfully

• There is no clear hypothesis or goal

• Outcomes are obvious without formal measurement

In these cases, focus on basic monitoring: attendance, safety, simple reflections, and team debrief.

Recognising Constraints

Good M&E is proportionate. Keep in mind:

• Cost: larger projects may devote 10–20% of budget; small projects should keep it light

• Burden: avoid overwhelming facilitators or participants

• Scope: measure what matters, not just what is easy to count

Final Reflection

Monitoring and Evaluation is about more than data. It is about creating a culture of learning, trust, and safety. Done well, it strengthens your practice, protects participants, and builds evidence for the unique role of astronomy in mental health and well-being.

Keep it proportionate, ethical, and practical. Focus on what matters most, share results openly, and use every cycle to get better.

Continue to What's Next.