This lesson explored the regulatory framework governing nutrition and health claims, as well as the fortification, enhancement and enrichment of foods with vitamins and minerals in the European Union.

Under Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006, health claims are divided into Nutrition Claims (e.g., "high fiber" or "reduced calories") and Health Claims, which must be scientifically substantiated. Article 13 covers general function claims, while Article 14 addresses disease risk reduction and children’s development, requiring individual authorization. Claims must be clear, truthful, and supported by evidence, with specific conditions for use, such as daily intake requirements for nutrients like omega-3 fatty acids or DHA.

Regulation (EC) No 1925/2006 governs the addition of vitamins and minerals to foods, allowing enrichment to restore lost nutrients, enhance nutritional value, or mimic the nutritional profile of traditional foods (e.g., plant-based milk). Only bioavailable forms of vitamins and minerals listed in the regulation’s annexes may be added, and enrichment must be justified by public health needs, such as addressing deficiencies or improving population nutrition.

The authorization process for health claims, particularly under Article 14, is rigorous, requiring detailed scientific documentation and EFSA evaluation. These regulations ensure consumer protection, fair trade, and transparency, promoting informed dietary choices while maintaining high food safety standards.

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