To transition away from conventional, often unsustainable practices, a One Health approach emphasizes strategic, holistic alternatives that prioritize ecological balance and long-term sustainability. Key strategies include life cycle impact assessments and circular farming, which aim to minimize waste and maximize resource efficiency by repurposing byproducts into valuable outputs like biofuels, bioenergy, or biopharmaceuticals. Ecosystem-based management and environmental monitoring ensure that production systems — such as integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA) — operate in harmony with natural processes. IMTA, for example, combines the cultivation of fish, shellfish, and seaweeds in a symbiotic system, reducing waste and enhancing productivity. Additionally, fleet capacity management and combating illegal, unregulated, and unreported (IUU) fishing are critical for preserving marine ecosystems. Innovations like precision farming, water-quality monitoring, and the cultivation of seaweeds in waste-rich environments further demonstrate how technology and research can drive sustainable solutions.

A proactive, preventive approach is essential to reduce the reliance on antibiotics and antimicrobials in animal farming. Biosecurity practices form the foundation of this strategy, encompassing both external and internal measures to minimize disease risks. These include sanitation and waste management to maintain water quality, controlled movement of animals, people, and vehicles, and quarantine protocols for new animals. Pest control and stress management — through balanced nutrition, high-quality feed, and tailored feed additives — further strengthen animal resilience. Vaccination programs customized to regional disease risks, alongside regular health monitoring and diagnostic testing, enable early detection and intervention, reducing the need for antimicrobial treatments. By focusing on prevention, farms can significantly lower infection risks and improve overall animal health.

Reducing antimicrobial use requires a commitment to evidence-based decision-making, continuous monitoring, and adaptive management. Central to this effort is fostering natural immunity in animals through improved animal welfare, nutrition, and stress reduction, which enhances their ability to resist diseases. Balancing health, welfare, and productivity ensures that sustainability and One Health principles guide farming practices. The benefits of reducing antimicrobial use are substantial: lower risks of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), improved food safety, and enhanced public health outcomes. Additionally, farms adopting these practices often see increased profitability and consumer trust, as sustainable production aligns with growing market demands for safe, ethically produced food. By integrating these principles, the agricultural sector can move toward a future where health, sustainability, and productivity coexist harmoniously.

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